In the 19 century tires were superimposed on the wheel with wooden spokes, inserted into a wooden rim, covered with a metal hoop. A tire consisted of two parts: the chamber and the cover. Chamber is made of several layers of canvas, impregnated and coated on both sides of natural rubber or gutta-percha in the form of the solution. Outside coating consisted of pieces of leather joined with rivets.

Nowadays for applying tires on the wheels more solid material than wood are used, such as: light alloy wheels, forged wheels, cast aluminum alloys, and some models are with the addition of magnesium, and steel wheels are also used.

Recently, there has been an increasing trend to reduce the height of a tire. Reducing the ratio of height of a tire’s profile to width of the profile with a constant width of the tire, allows you to put larger diameter wheels without changing the overall height of the wheels. This makes possible to install larger diameter brake mechanisms that is necessary because of the growing power of motors and speed auto. The deformation of the side wall tires decreases – it improves the response of the tire to the wheel, and reduces the heating of the tire, but on the other hand, affects the comfort of motion, and shape of the contact becomes shorter and wider.

Ability to bear weight of the car in case of loss of air for a certain number of miles without damage to wheels is the important achievement in recent times. These tires are usually called «RUN FLAT». The companies approached differently to the implementation of the idea of a bus that does not fear a puncture. For example Goodyear used in their tires EMT (Extended Mobility Tire) special inserts in the shoulder area, which do not allow buses to emerge fully. Michelin in tires PAX uses a custom rim with a rigid ring, on which a car builds in the case of pressure loss.

In the early 21 century innovative technologies in the development of the tire industry and the production of wheels are already widely used. Alcara Holding – a well-known global manufacturer of wheel rims- uses nano-technology and manufactures light alloy wheels, capable of self-cleaning. The tires have already been tested manufactured of a special blend that contains a new polymer. This polymer is able to increase significantly tire’s life, to make them easier, with fewer raw materials and reduce significantly fuel consumption.

Lower rolling resistance tires are also one of the priorities in the development of the tire industry. Lower resistance can increase the efficiency of vehicle movement, due to better materials used in the tread, which absorb less energy in tension and compression. Great success has made the company Michelin, it has developed prototypes of Proxima tires. They can reduce weight by 20%, and rolling resistance by 25% – up to 6.5 kg / t compared to tires series Energy, a resistance to 9 kg / t. For reference – tires produced in 1897 had a rolling resistance of 25 kg / t.

Nowadays there are available for agricultural machinery motor tires, truck tires, winter tires (spiking and not), season, summer tires, special machinery.

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